Instrument Rating

Instrument Rating Requirements

To earn your Instrument Rating, you must meet the FAA’s eligibility, training, and testing standards.

You must hold at least a Private Pilot Certificate (or be training for one concurrently) and be able to read, speak, write, and understand English. You’ll need to train with a qualified instructor and receive endorsements confirming you are ready for the knowledge and practical tests.

The FAA requires you to:

• Pass the Instrument Knowledge Test (written exam).
• Pass the Practical Test (oral and checkride) with a Designated Pilot Examiner.
• Meet the aeronautical knowledge requirements under 14 CFR §61.65(b).
• Demonstrate the flight proficiency requirements outlined in 14 CFR §61.65(c).

Complete the aeronautical experience requirements of 14 CFR §61.65(d), including specific minimums for instrument time, cross-country flights, and training within the two calendar months preceding the checkride.

What Is an Instrument Rating?

An Instrument Rating is an advanced pilot certification that allows aviators to fly under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) and navigate using the instruments inside the cockpit rather than outside visual references. This rating enables pilots to safely operate in Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC) — including clouds, low visibility, and poor weather — and is a required step for most professional aviation careers.

Instrument-rated pilots fly with an IFR flight plan and follow air traffic control instructions. To remain current, they must maintain instrument proficiency by completing six approaches, holding procedures, and course intercepts every six months or complete an Instrument Proficiency Check (IPC) with a qualified instructor.

Why Should Pilots Get an Instrument Rating?

• Safety: Instrument training improves a pilot’s overall decision-making, weather awareness, and emergency preparedness, allowing for safer flights in a wider range of conditions.
• Flexibility: Instrument-rated pilots are not restricted to clear-weather flying. They can legally and safely fly in clouds, through controlled airspace, and to more destinations, making IFR flights far more reliable for travel.
• Career Advancement: An Instrument Rating is a requirement for commercial pilots and airline careers. It also qualifies you for additional aviation roles and enhances your earning potential.
• Professional Growth: Earning an instrument rating deepens a pilot’s understanding of navigation, avionics, and air traffic control procedures — and is often considered the most rewarding phase of training.

What’s the Difference Between VFR and IFR?

Under Visual Flight Rules (VFR), pilots navigate using outside visual references and must remain in good weather with sufficient visibility. Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) allow pilots to fly regardless of visibility, relying on instruments and ATC clearances. An instrument rating is required to legally operate under IFR.

What Are the Steps to Earn an Instrument Rating?

1. Find an Instructor or Flight School: Connect with an independent instrument instructor (CFII) or a flight school on Skyfarer to plan your training.
2. Complete Ground School: Learn about weather, IFR regulations, instrument procedures, and navigation systems. This can be done online, in a classroom, or one-on-one with an instructor.
3. Accumulate Flight Time: The FAA requires a minimum of 40 hours of instrument flight time, including time with an instructor and up to 20 hours in an approved simulator or flight training device.
4. Pass the FAA Knowledge Test: A written exam covering IFR procedures and regulations.
5. Complete an Instrument Checkride: The checkride includes an oral exam and flight test with a Designated Pilot Examiner, where you’ll demonstrate instrument procedures, holds, approaches, and safe IFR operations.

How Long Does It Take to Get an Instrument Rating?

The timeline depends on how frequently you fly and how much experience you already have. Many students complete training in about three to six months if flying two to three times per week. Those who train less frequently or have limited access to aircraft may take longer. Using simulators and scheduling regular lessons helps students stay proficient and complete training more efficiently.

How Much Does an Instrument Rating Cost?

Instrument training typically costs $15,000–$30,000, depending on location, aircraft type, and the number of hours you need to become proficient. Costs include:

• Aircraft rental (often in a Technically Advanced Aircraft with glass cockpit)
• Instructor fees
• Simulator time (if used)
• Study materials and ground school
• FAA Knowledge Test fee and Designated Pilot Examiner (DPE) fee

Training in a cost-effective trainer such as a Cessna 172 or Piper Archer can help control costs, while access to simulators can reduce required aircraft time and make training more efficient.